Uburyo Amabati ya Aluminium Yakozwe

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Aluminium yamenyekanye bwa mbere nk'ikintu mu 1782, kandi icyuma cyubahwa cyane mu Bufaransa, aho mu myaka ya za 1850 cyari cyiza cyane kuruta zahabu na feza ku mitako no kurya ibikoresho. Napoleon III yashimishijwe no gukoresha igisirikare gishoboka cyo gukoresha ibyuma byoroheje, kandi yateye inkunga ubushakashatsi hakiri kare mu gucukura aluminium. Nubwo icyuma kiboneka cyane muri kamere, uburyo bwo kuvoma neza bwakomeje kuba ingorabahizi imyaka myinshi. Aluminiyumu yagumye ihenze cyane kandi rero ikoreshwa mubucuruzi mu kinyejana cya 19. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ryarangije kwemerera aluminiyumu gushonga bihendutse, kandi igiciro cy'icyuma cyaragabanutse cyane. Ibi byatanze inzira yo guteza imbere imikoreshereze yinganda zikoreshwa mubyuma.

Aluminiyumu ntiyakoreshejwe mu bikoresho by'ibinyobwa kugeza nyuma y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose. Mu gihe cy'intambara, guverinoma y'Amerika yohereje inzoga nyinshi mu bikoresho by'ibyuma ku basirikare bayo mu mahanga. Nyuma y'intambara inzoga nyinshi zongeye kugurishwa mu macupa, ariko abasirikare batahutse bagumana nostalgic bakunda bombo. Ababikora bakomeje kugurisha byeri mu bikoresho by'ibyuma, nubwo amacupa yari ahendutse kubyara. Isosiyete ya Adolph Coors yakoze inzoga ya aluminiyumu ya mbere mu 1958. Ibice byayo bibiri bishobora gufata ama garama 7 gusa (198 g), aho kuba 12 bisanzwe (340 g), kandi hakaba hari ibibazo bijyanye n’umusaruro. Nubwo bimeze bityo, aluminiyumu irashobora kwerekana ko ikunzwe bihagije kugirango ishishikarize Coors, hamwe nandi masosiyete yicyuma na aluminiyumu, kugirango iteze imbere amabati meza.

Icyitegererezo cyakurikiyeho cyari icyuma gishobora hejuru ya aluminium. Iyi Hybrid irashobora kugira ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye. Impera ya aluminiyumu yahinduye imyifatire ya galvanic hagati yinzoga nicyuma, bivamo byeri hamwe nubuzima bwikubye kabiri ibyo bibitswe mumabati yose. Ahari ibyiza byingenzi bya aluminiyumu ni uko icyuma cyoroshye gishobora gufungurwa hamwe na tab yoroheje. Amabati ashaje yasabaga gukoresha gufungura bidasanzwe bizwi cyane ku izina rya "urufunguzo rw'itorero," kandi igihe Schlitz Brewing Company yatangizaga inzoga zayo muri aluminium "pop top" ishobora mu 1963, abandi bakora inzoga nini bahise basimbukira ku igare. Umwaka urangiye, 40% by'ibikombe byose by’inzoga zo muri Amerika byari bifite hejuru ya aluminium, naho mu 1968, iyo mibare yariyikubye kabiri igera kuri 80%.

Mugihe amabati yo hejuru ya aluminiyumu yakwirakwizaga isoko, abayikora benshi bari bagamije kunywa inzoga nyinshi za aluminiyumu. Ikoranabuhanga Coors ryakoresheje mu gukora aluminiyumu ya 7-une irashobora kwishingikiriza kuri "ingaruka-gukuramo",

Uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora ibinyobwa bya aluminiyumu byitwa gushushanya ibice bibiri no gushushanya ibyuma, byatangijwe bwa mbere na sosiyete ya Reynolds Metals mu 1963.

aho igikuba kijugunywa mumuzingi cyizengurutse cyakoze hepfo nimpande za kanseri mugice kimwe. Isosiyete ya Reynolds Metals yashyizeho aluminiyumu yose ishobora gukorwa nuburyo butandukanye bwiswe "gushushanya no gucuma" mu 1963, kandi iryo koranabuhanga ryabaye ihame ryinganda. Uruganda rwa Coors na Hamms rwari mu masosiyete ya mbere yakiriye iyi kanseri nshya, maze PepsiCo na Coca-Cola batangira gukoresha amabati yose ya aluminium mu 1967. Umubare w’ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu woherejwe muri Amerika wavuye kuri kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyari mu 1965 ugera kuri miliyari 8.5 muri 1972, kandi umubare wakomeje kwiyongera uko aluminiyumu yabaye ihitamo rusange ryibinyobwa bya karubone. Ibinyobwa bya aluminiyumu bigezweho ntibishobora gusa kuba byoroshye kurenza ibyuma bishaje cyangwa ibyuma-na-aluminiyumu bishobora, ntibishobora no kubora, bikonjesha vuba, ubuso bwabyo burabagirana byoroshye kandi binogeye ijisho, byongerera igihe cyo kubaho, kandi ni byoroshye gusubiramo.

aluminium ikoreshwa mubinyobwa irashobora inganda zikomoka kubintu bitunganijwe neza. 25 ku ijana by'ibicuruzwa byose bya aluminiyumu y'Abanyamerika biva mu bicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza, kandi ibinyobwa bishobora gukora inganda n’ibanze mu gukoresha ibikoresho bitunganijwe neza. Kuzigama ingufu ni ngombwa mugihe amabati yakoreshejwe asubirwamo, kandi aluminiyumu irashobora gukora inganda zirenga 63% byibikoreshwa.

Kwisi yose umusaruro wibinyobwa bya aluminiyumu uragenda wiyongera, byiyongera kuri miliyari nyinshi kumwaka. Imbere y'iki cyifuzo kigenda cyiyongera, ahazaza h'ibinyobwa hashobora kuba hasa n'ibishushanyo bibika amafaranga n'ibikoresho. Icyerekezo kigana ku gipfundikizo gito kimaze kugaragara, kimwe na diametero ntoya, ariko izindi mpinduka ntizishobora kugaragara kubaguzi. Ababikora bakoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo kwisuzumisha kugirango bige barashobora urupapuro, kurugero, gusuzuma imiterere ya kristalline yicyuma hamwe na X-ray itandukanya, bizeye kuvumbura uburyo bwiza bwo gutera ingobyi cyangwa kuzinga impapuro. Imihindagurikire yimiterere ya aluminiyumu, cyangwa muburyo amavuta akonjesha nyuma yo guterwa, cyangwa ubunini bwurupapuro rushobora kuzunguruka ntibishobora kuvamo amabati akubita abaguzi nkudushya. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, birashoboka ko iterambere muri utu turere rizaganisha ku bukungu bushobora gukora ejo hazaza.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2021